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ANALYSIS OF METAL FINISHING BATHS
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3.1
Potentiometric Methods
These are the simplest and least expensive. Two electrodes are used (though they are often physically combined in a single unit), of which one is the "reference electrode", the other the "measurement electrode". Most widely used are ISE (Ion-specific Electrodes) which give a voltage response logarithmically related to the concentration of the ion (anion or cation). ISE can be used, after calibration, for direct analysis, e.g of fluoride, chloride, silver ion concentration, or they can be used to follow volumetric titrations (1.2)
Also to be noted are "formal" and "informal" potentiometric methods, the latter are sometimes known as "indicator electrodes".